Hi Robbie. Good question. It depends on what kind of sample I’m looking at. With soil or sludge, I shake it in a solution called a buffer. This splits the viruses from the soil that they might be stuck to. With water, or the soil buffer, I then force it through a sheet with holes smaller than the viruses until there’s only a small amount left. I can then use these concentrated viruses for experiments. If I want to look at the DNA of the viruses, I mix the viruses with chemicals that break them open and then use a machine called a sequencer to “read” the DNA.
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